GeriQBank · Topic
Acute confusional states, assessment and prevention.
Set once
Drugs only as last resort) and it will answer every version. Extra recall points are given at the end. Q1. Aetiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and management of acute confusional state in the elderly 18 High-Yield Points…
sensorium; he is incoherent and abusive — differential diagnosis, trigger factors, evaluation and ward management One-line formulation: This is hyperactive delirium in a multi-morbid older adult, most probably precipitated by…
One-line formulation: Fever + leucocytosis + hypotension + altered sensorium = sepsis / septic shock with sepsis-associated delirium, on a background of diabetes and CKD which both predispose to infection and to metabolic and…
Assessment has two distinct steps: screening (a rapid bedside tool that flags possible delirium) and diagnosis (a full clinical evaluation against DSM-5 or ICD-10 criteria). A positive screen is not a diagnosis. Why delirium is missed:…
Up to 30–40% of delirium is preventable with multicomponent, non-pharmacologic measures — the single most quotable figure in this answer. Prevention is worth it because delirium is not benign: it causes falls, pulled lines, functional…
Interventions to Prevent Delirium in Post-operative Older Patients Fifteen–Twenty High-Yield Points Scale of the problem Postoperative delirium is one of the commonest surgical complications in older people. Incidence in hospitalised…
No university frequency data yet
update • 15-mark essay = 10 textbook points + 2 latest updates. Q29. Acute confusional state 6-MARK NOTE — 5 + 1 Pivot for this question: what the term means and how to sort out its cause. Definition. Acute confusional state is the…
Pivot for this version: the complete syndrome — mechanism, diagnosis, management, prognosis. Definition and DSM-5 criteria. Delirium is an acute disorder of attention and cognition. DSM-5 requires: (i) disturbance of attention and…
Pivot for this version: condensed bedside/rapid-recall version for a shorter note — deliberately does not repeat the mechanism-heavy content above. Core concept. Delirium is acute brain failure: an acutely developing, fluctuating…
Pivot: the whole family of instruments and how to choose between them (CAM itself is answered separately in Q32). Purpose and classification. Scales are used to overcome the fact that delirium is under-recognised in up to two-thirds of…
Pivot: one instrument in depth — purpose, components, scoring, interpretation, advantages, limitations. Purpose and status. The CAM (Inouye et al., Ann Intern Med 1990) is a structured bedside screening instrument that operationalises…
Diagnosis in one line: Acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis in an older diabetic man, presenting with the classic triad (fever, neck stiffness, altered mental status) plus meningism. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most likely…