GeriQBank · Topic
Malnutrition, nutritional assessment, enteral and parenteral nutrition.
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Definition. As per WHO, malnutrition means deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s energy and nutrient intake. It therefore includes both undernutrition and obesity. Spectrum of nutritional disorders in old age. (a)…
Definition. As per WHO, malnutrition means deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in energy and nutrient intake. In geriatric practice, “malnutrition” and undernutrition (protein-energy malnutrition) are used interchangeably. It is a…
Set twice
Purpose. Nutritional assessment answers four questions (Essentials, Table 3-12): Is there reason to suspect malnutrition? Of which nutrient(s) and to what extent? What is the pathophysiological mechanism? What is the underlying…
Set once
Assessment of a patient's nutrition — methods, advantages and disadvantages Nutritional assessment in older adults is a two-step process: screening to identify those at risk, followed by assessment for diagnosis and severity grading.…
Mini Nutritional Assessment — components, scoring and interpretation The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was developed specifically to assess malnutrition in elderly populations. The full MNA is a multidimensional tool identifying…
Total parenteral nutrition Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is the intravenous delivery of the complete nutritional requirement — water, carbohydrate, amino acids, lipid, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements — when the…
Definition. In many older adults the decrease in energy intake is greater than the decrease in energy expenditure, so body weight is lost. This physiological, age-related reduction in energy intake is termed the anorexia of ageing…
Definition. As per WHO, malnutrition includes excesses as well as deficiencies — obesity is a form of malnutrition. Conventionally defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m²; overweight = 25–29.9 kg/m². The prevalence of obesity among older persons is…
Nutrition care in older people works in two steps: first screen everyone with a validated tool to find those at risk, then assess those at risk to diagnose malnutrition and grade its severity (GLIM). GLIM accepts any validated screening…
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Definition and indications. Intravenous delivery of nutrients when the gastrointestinal tract cannot be used. Indications are a non-functioning, inaccessible or obstructed gut — short bowel syndrome, high-output enterocutaneous fistula,…
Definition. A potentially fatal shift of fluid and electrolytes that occurs when nutrition is reintroduced to a malnourished or starved patient, characterised by hypophosphataemia (the hallmark), hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia, thiamine…
Definition. Inanition is a state of profound exhaustion and wasting resulting from prolonged inadequate intake, absorption or utilisation of food — the advanced end-stage of starvation, with loss of both fat and muscle mass, weakness…