GeriQBank · Topic
Parkinson's disease, parkinson-plus syndromes and tremor.
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Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapters 53 (Table 53.2, Figure 53.1) and 46; Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics 7th ed., Table 6-7. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is frequently misdiagnosed as…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapter 54 (Non-Parkinsonian movement disorders in the elderly), Tables 54.3 and 54.4; Chapter 53. Essential tremor (ET) is the most common tremor disorder and the most common movement disorder, with an…
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Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapter 54 (Tables 54.1–54.4) and Chapters 44 and 53. Classification. The most common movement disorders in the elderly are the parkinsonian syndromes. The non-parkinsonian movement disorders affecting older…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapter 53 (Oquendo & Belmin); Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics 7th ed., Chapter 10. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. Despite progress in…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapter 53 (Tables 53.2, Box 53.1) and Chapter 46; Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics 7th ed. Parkinson-plus (atypical parkinsonism) means an extrapyramidal syndrome accompanied by additional neurological…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapter 53; Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics 7th ed., Table 10-6. Drug treatment aims to increase the ratio of dopamine to acetylcholine in the central nervous system, specifically in the nigrostriatal system.…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapters 53 and 30 (gastrointestinal ageing); Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics 7th ed. Levodopa is the metabolic precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it crosses the blood–brain barrier. It is combined…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapters 44 (age-related neurological signs) and 53. Parkinsonism (extrapyramidal syndrome) is a clinical syndrome, not a disease. Akinesia is the defining and obligatory feature, comprising bradykinesia…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapters 53 and 30; Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics 7th ed. Motor fluctuations are variations in motor performance in relation to levodopa dosing, appearing after several years of levodopa use as the disease…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapters 53, 30 and 42; Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics 7th ed. Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common in PD and, in the geriatric population, contribute more to disability, institutionalisation and carer burden…
Surgical Management of Parkinsonism Fifteen–Twenty High-Yield Points Rationale and patient selection Surgery is considered when motor complications become refractory to best medical therapy — that is, disabling motor fluctuations or…
Recent Advances in the Management of Parkinsonism Fifteen–Twenty High-Yield Points Baseline — established management Levodopa remains the main and often the only treatment for PD in the elderly. It is combined with a peripheral…
Management of Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson's Disease Fifteen–Twenty High-Yield Points Definition and types Motor fluctuations are predictable or unpredictable changes in motor performance in relation to levodopa dosing, appearing…
Parkinsonism-Plus Syndromes Fifteen–Twenty High-Yield Points Definition and approach Parkinsonism-plus (atypical parkinsonian) syndromes are neurodegenerative diseases in which an extrapyramidal syndrome is accompanied by additional…
Pathognomonic MRI Findings in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Multiple System Atrophy Fifteen–Twenty High-Yield Points General principle Structural MRI in parkinsonism serves two purposes: to exclude secondary causes (vascular…
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are grouped in DSM-5 under disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders. Related behaviours classified elsewhere, such as gambling disorder (with addictive disorders) and binge eating (with eating…
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Definition. Both are Parkinson-plus (atypical parkinsonian) syndromes and are 4-repeat tauopathies. Both are frequently misdiagnosed as Parkinson’s disease, and both show a poor or absent response to levodopa, which is the single most…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapter 53 (Tables 53.3, 53.4); Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics 7th ed., Chapter 10 (Table 10-6). Definition. Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, caused by loss of…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapter 53 (Tables 53.2, 53.3, 53.4; Box 53.1); Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics 7th ed. Confirm the diagnosis before treating. Apply the Queen Square Brain Bank criteria. An akinetic-rigid presentation with…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapters 53 and 30; Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics 7th ed. Mechanism. Levodopa is the precursor of dopamine and, unlike dopamine, crosses the blood–brain barrier. It is combined with a peripheral…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapters 53 (Table 53.2) and 54 (Tables 54.3, 54.4); Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics 7th ed., Chapters 10 and 14. Definition and importance. Drug-induced parkinsonism is an extrapyramidal syndrome defined by…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapter 32 (Hypotension) and Chapter 53 (Table 53.2). Note: Pathy's covers MSA only briefly; the detailed MDS classification, MRI signs and prognostic figures are not covered adequately in the uploaded textbook…
Source: Pathy's 6th ed., Chapter 54 (Tables 54.3, 54.4) and Chapter 53. Definition and epidemiology. Essential tremor is the most common tremor disorder and the most common movement disorder, with prevalence up to 3% in the general…